Digital Computers is among basic needs of our daily routine. Among children’s , among elders and specially among youngsters throughout the world. Computer has many beneficial symptoms for its users . We can reach to any information, any skill through searching on computers. And every one has the desire to choose best for his work . And in the competition of using computers, Digital computer is the most commonly used type of computers and is used to process information with quantities using digits , usually using the binary number system.

Most expressive Example

The most expressive and beneficial example of digital computers are “ MacBook ”
Moreover, the MacBook can perform authentic systems in your digital computers.

Types of digital computers

Digital computers is no bound in one place . It has more other types and branches to provide survive able works . Most special types among digital computer is Micro , Mini , Main frames and super . They are familiar types of digital computers due to their fast working and capable results.

Digital computer has many Advantages

Information storage can be easier in digital computer system , than in analogue ones . New features can often be added to a digital system more easily too.

Features of digital computers

The features of digital based computers are unique in their qualities. Features are most strong parts of heavy machinery. Your using device must have strong and extra movable features. Otherwise it would be a workless thing.

Automatic

The nature of digital computer is automatic. It works in automatic ways . The starting and ending of digital computer are totally based on automatic machinery . We can download , create, or make our helpful folders very easily in such devices .

Speed

Moreover, the speed of digital computer is very fast . It can work faster than other types of computers. Digital computer are going famous among its users due to the fast speed networking .

Flexibility

Digital computer are flexible type of computer. All the parts of the computer are based on flexible material which are making computer devices familiar and marvellous through out the world.

Memory

Memory is a main part of electronic devices, such as mobile phones, radios , television and also in computers. And digital computer are planned with massive , fast and accurate memory. The external and internal storage memory works decently. The memory and information storage has strong bonding in digital computer.

Conclusion

However through overall research it may conclude that , the use of digital computer can make us cheer because it has strong capabilities to work fast , within very short timings . So Digital computer are more accurate , flexible and fast speed working device . Hence Digital computer are promoting working ways in different modern techniques. Moreover, it’s your choice what you want to discover for your better work . In Short Computer is our daily routine device . So make possible yourself to choose digital computer for your work purposes. Because in this technological era, digital computer can run faster in any purposes.
Author Name: Wajiha Tamseel

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Digital Libraries and institutional repositories are emerging as a crucial component of global information infrastructure adopting the latest innovations in ICT. The concept has brought a phenomenal change in collection, management and dissemination of information. Digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats and accessed by computers. The collections can be accessed locally or assessed remotely through computer networks. The digital library initiative is probably the most promising development for libraries since the beginning of library automation.
Digital Libraries V/s Traditional Libraries
Digital libraries provide comparable or better services to traditional libraries at a relatively low cost over existing networks and tools like those used for the World Wide Web. Hence digital libraries contain volumes of information easy to access.

Digital Libraries History

The era of digital library perhaps emerged with the publication of e journals and e books, databases etc. and they are now becoming popular especially because of the fast emerging networks. The need for institutional repository arises out of a growing crisis in scholarly communication. Over the last twenty five years subscription prizes to scholarly publications have increase at a rate so significant that many libraries have been force to reduce their subscriptions; at the same time the funding for libraries have remained stagnant. Institutional repositories offer a strategic response both to the opportunities of digital e- network environment and the systemic problems in scholarly communications.

Institutional repositories are somehow link to the digital libraries in collecting, classifying, housing, cataloging, preserving and providing access to digital contents, analogous with the library’s traditional function of collecting, preserving, classifying and providing access to analog content. Repositories may be limited to one department, one institution or one department; or else it may be a consortium of several institutions. Development of institutional repositories has largely taken place in universities through open access and open archive movement.

Open Source Software

The establishment of institutional repositories. Several open source software are now available for free which are giving rise to digital libraries. So it is important for that digital repository system to ensure standard. As long as user defined metadata sets and multiple formats of digital content.
A typical digital library should support multilingualism i.e. multiple languages should be support in the user interface, in the meta data fields and in the digital content. The character encoding is of great importance in order for digital repository systems to be fully multilingual.

Hence Green stone is a software for building and distributing digital library collections. It produce by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato in the early 2000. So Green stone is now distribute and develop in cooperation with UNESCO and the human info nongovernmental organization. It is an open source multilingual software issue under the terms of GNU General Public License. There are several ways of finding information in green stone collections.

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This is one of the best digital reviews. Logitech MX Vertical mouse is not only built exclusively as a gaming mouse. This is a perfect option for the productivity tasks that you can get at affordable prices. It is a mouse of pivots traditional design that contains on 90 degrees. It has also a unique look of a miniature cresting wave that is just about to break on desktop.

Design of Mouse

At first, the mouse design looks bit alien. It’s unit’s bottom is ringed with slick. A glossy plastic which is glossy allow it to effortlessly gild across all the surface of the mouse. The left side of mouse where you can rest your thumb is wrapped within pleasantly grippy rubber. While it’s the main interface on the right side is really standard, matte black plastic. The primary buttons placement makes it really easy to find as well as to click, they’re satisfying audible and tactile.

However, the thumb buttons on the mouse are placed less ideally. While the two buttons rear is convenient to acute. The entire mouse is designed in the gesture of shaking hand; The Company has claimed that it is best to reduce the muscles fatigue as well as strain. Before finalizing the vertical shape of this mouse the engineers and team or Logitech worked on different shapes.

Connectivity Options of MX Vertical Mouse

Moreover, the connectivity options of this mouse are really great for the users. It can provide you three different ways that you can use to attach it with your system. These three options are:
Connectivity Via Bluetooth
Wireless connectivity
Connectivity Via provided wire or USB dongle through USB-C to USB-A as well.
Most of the people love to use wireless connectivity but sometime they may have to face some latency issues.

Performance of MX Vertical Mouse

It is considered as a productivity mouse, so it is just like you are using a regular mouse. It contains on the function wireless switching as well as DPI that make your work really easier. Jumping from one system to another system will be really convenient for you as compared to a regular mouse. This feature is not unique in this mouse but if you need a mouse with this type of ergonomic design that it will be a great choice for you. It is not only a good investment for the work infect it’s also a great investment for the health of your arm and wrist.

The person who is using a mouse daily and for several hours it is a great option. Sometimes you may start to face muscle fatigue, soreness as well as chronic pain because of using mouse regularly. So here the MX Vertical mouse is a really a great recommendation for you. Even the people who never experience these types of health issue should also use this mouse. It will quickly become one of your best mice and help you to avoid health issues. So what are you waiting for?

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Digital Ocean is a cloud computing website that provides engineers with the best infrastructure platform to write. In other words, it offers cloud computing services to the entities.

History

Moreover, this the infrastructure came into being by knowledgeable software engineers on 24th June 2011 is one of the third largest cloud hosting companies in the world.
Hence, looking backward to the founders of this website, Ben and Moisey Uretsky; formed a company called Server Stack which was a web hosting business, as time passed, they surveyed many cloud computing companies and were greatly inspired by their way of thinking and working. So, they decided to create their own cloud website for a deserving future.
They started searching for personal software developers that can serve to be their costumers, but nothing came up to them, Though, after extensive research, Ben and Moisey founded Digital Ocean, the best software application service of all time.

Cloud Server on Digital Ocean

What is a cloud server?
A cloud server is a physical infrastructure that performs the function of information storage. Hence, they are created with virtual software that divides a physical server into multiple virtual servers.

Benefits of cloud servers

Firstly, cloud servers are cost-effective for hardware, secondly, users of cloud servers can compute and store resources to meet changing needs, thirdly, cloud servers are networked to make sure any communication and fast deployment which they may face.
However, to create a cloud server on Digi Ocean, you need to have a Digital Ocean account. After that, you have to log in to the account’s control panel with your email address and password. Click the green Create button in the top right corner to choose Droplets. Likewise, these droplets can help you make backups and take snapshots.

For more work, you have to choose the RAM and storage space of your Droplet. In addition to this, you should also add backups to your Droplet. If you are looking to create and attach extra storage volumes to your Droplet, you should add Digital Ocean Block Storage. Finally, choose your data center region and get started!

More about Digital Ocean

Furthermore, this cloud website is the most affordable cloud provider. It has a reliable infrastructure and a fast-growing cloud. In fact, it has a cheap bandwidth and a good back-up and restores process.

Places to have Access to Digital Ocean

You can easily have access to Digi Ocean in New York, San Francisco, Toronto, New York, London, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Singapore and Bangalore.

Price Explanation on Digital Ocean

Likewise, the pricing of the Digi Ocean is simple and it offers simple VPN hosting with a range of tools to manage servers and get them working. It provides 25GB SSD, 1GB RAM, 1 CPU, 1TB Data Transfer for $5 per month which is its cheapest offer. On the other hand, its expensive offer is for 640 GB SSD, 32GB RAM, 8 CPU’S, 7TB Data Transfer at 160 $ per month. Moreover, the block storage price is from $ 10 per month for 100 GB, Load Balancer price is $ 20 per month and finally, the price of Floating IPs is $0.006 per hour.

 Workers’ Salaries

To sum up the article with the salaries information that pays to the workers in Digital-Ocean Departments. During the company development, the salaries weren’t up to the mark but with the time. With more and more progress of the company. The average estimate annual salary of Digital Ocean is $118,768 or $57 per hour. At Digital Ocean the highest paying salary is of General Counsel, which is $246,686 annually.

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Social networking is an online media of communication through internet. Through internet sources, people from the long distances are too near with each other. It is an online community, which connects people through social media sources. Such as, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, LinkedIn, Email, and many others.
A social networking service is building social and personal relationship by facilitating with audio and video chat services. Besides these, messaging is common social network amongst all. For example, WhatsApp and Fb Messenger connects people from one country to another country through messages, audio calls, video calls, and most famous amongst them is sharing moments through capturing real videos and pictures. That is to say, A social networking service is very famous among the people of all ages.
Social Networks:

WhatsApp

WhatsApp is the famous social network in our globe. It facilitate it’s users with many features. Such as, messages, voice recording, video sharing, status sharing, voice and video calls, group chatting, documents sharing in pdf and word docs, location and contact sharing etc. It means, WhatsApp is a famous social network compared to other social media.

Facebook

Nowadays, Facebook has been used as online academies and coachings. The users are coming live through audio and video broadcast on Facebook. Despite of these, users can upload pictures, videos, and all the moments of life. Whenever there’s the birthday of any friend in your friends list, Facebook will automatically remind you through notifications. Facebook messenger connect chat messenger with Facebook. Through which, you can chat from any country to any people. You can play online games and quiz also. This is the best social network place for connecting people from one country to another country.

Twitter

Twitter is the site for twitting posts and chats. This social media is famous amongst the elite people. Such as, politicians, celebrities, government officials, and young generation. It’s considered as fastest growing network compared to other social media networks. You tweet, your followers re tweet. This is called exchanging ideas, comments, posts with each other.

LinkedIn

If you want to replace Facebook, you can use LinkedIn. It is bit similar to the Facebook for using as business purposes. This social network is more private than other social

Email

Email connects with Google and Yahoo websites. Through this network, you can send emails or messages to any desired website, newspapers, magazine, institution, and whatever you want to send to any company, you can use this email services. media networks.

Social Networking Online Media Communication Conclusion

Social networking service is a source of connection, communication, building relationships, and expressing thoughts. In other words, social networking is assisting people to connect from any country to any state. That is to say, if you are living in a country where your family can not meet you on daily basis, you can use social networks, such as, WhatsApp, Facebook, Messenger, and Twitter. Nowadays, another social media network has been performing well called Instagram. These all social networking services aim at connecting the people of different countries with each other.

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Dell Factory Reset Sometime when your Dell desktop computer crashes and it is not responding on the settings of system restore. So you may have to apply the last solution which is resetting it to its factory settings. This setting will remove all the files that you have on your system’s hard drive. To start this process you have to make sure that you have already taken the backup of your important files .
However, it will allow your system to work properly as it was before. To apply this setting you have to follow some important steps.

Dell Factory Reset Step 1

Make a copy of all files and important data that you want to save. When you restart your desktop PC into factory settings it will remove all of your data on a hard drive. Even it will remove anything which is already installed on your system.

Step 2

Restart your Dell desktop computer after copying all the important data.

Step 3

When the computer will turn on, you have to press and hold the F8 key before appearing the logo of Windows. It will bring you into the menu of Advanced Boot Option.

Step 4

Here you have to select “Repair your computer”

Step 5

The option that you have to select can be changed in different models of the Dell desktop PC. These options are:
• Factory Image Recovery and Data Safe
• Dell Factory Image Restore
Finally you will see one of the above-given options on your system.
Moreover, if this method is not useful for you and you still have issues with your Dell desktop system, you need to call the customer service support. Maybe your computer system crashed due to the failure of hardware. So, try to fix it as soon as possible by calling an expert to avoid further issues.

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Dell Update Utility you can get even more security If you visit and download all drivers directly from the manufacturer site. In this way, you will be able to ensure that you are downloading the latest drivers for your PC or Laptop. Dell is also providing this opportunity to their customers. Being a dell user you can download or update the latest drivers directly from the Dell website. Hence Download Update Drivers easily Dell Update Utility.

The Dell System Detect

Dell provides a lot of useful tools to its users that can allow them to run the dell systems smoothly. Dell makes the whole process easier and fast. The Dell system detects can automatically detect the model of your PC and search that which dell drivers are required for it. To start the process you just need to visit the official website of Dell Update Utility. Enter into service tag that you can found at bottom of your PC, now browse for a product or you can also auto-detect the driver with the help of Dell System Detect. Here you need to click over the detect product button to install the tool. After completing the whole process you can download and install the tool on your PC.

Update Application of Dell

Click on Detect driver, it will allow Dell to scan the user’s PC by installing the dell update application. It’s another tool by dell that can automatically update all the system drivers as well as critical fixes. You can even download it directly from the official website of Dell. The tool will offer you only some important drivers that are required for your computer system. It will ensure that the user’s PC has the most critical updates, without checking and installing them online.
The tool needs to completely scan your system once it will do with scan, the tool will offer you for the available updates. So you should carefully go through the list and select the one you want to update.

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Dell Support Outlet

The Technology Advisors

The technology advisors of Dell’s small business will help a business to develop a strong security solution. These systems can help a company to fulfill all their needs and work in a protective environment. However, the businesses can contact the advisors to discuss their company’s needs regarding security issues.

The MozyPro Backup Solution

It can provide you a solution for the protection of costly data loss. Cloud backup solution in Dell can help you to take backups of your important files. By using a single web-based console the user can easily manage the mobile access as well as data for the multi-user environment. Dell also provides security to your backups and stop falling them into wrong hands.
Moreover, the companies can use Mozy2xProtect to save their backups on a local drive along with cloud backups.

The Bio metric Authentication

If Dell offers a wide range of laptops with the authentication of bio metric in windows 10 powered by the Windows Hello system. It will help a company to boost its security system by advance facial recognition and fingerprint scanning services.

Strong Firewalls Dell Support Outlet

It protect a system from any kind of external attacks. Hence the Dell series of Sonic Wall TZ provides great threat management services, fight against spam, viruses, malware, and spyware.

The McAfee Protection App

It’s a great app solution that will help the businesses to protect their system against, viruses, malware, and threats. Finally It’s a package of Dell’s small business that provides a support of 24 hours in subscription’s duration. So It offers updates that can protect your system against the latest issues of cybersecurity.

In short, it can say that Dell is one of the most popular brands that offer its users a wide range of security management services. In case of any query contact us

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<h3>Microprocessor Architecture</h3>

Against each question four answers are given out of which one is correct .Choose the correct answer.Correct answer is given in bold writing.

1.Microprocessor is used for :

a)Signal processing application     b)Control application

c)General purpose Computers       d)All of these

2.It controls the transfer of data among other units of a microcomputer

a)ALU                 b)Control unit

c)Register         d)Bus

3.It perform all arithematic and logical functions:

a)ALU                 b)Control unit

c)Register         d)Bus

4.They are high speed memory locations where data is stored at the time of processing:

a)I/O unit           b)Memory unit

c)Register           d)buses

5)Which of the following is an input device:

a)Keyboard       b)Printer

c)Scanner           d)Monitor

6)The 8088 instruction can be used on:

a)80486                           b)Pentium

1. c) both a and b          d) None of these

7)This register contain starting address of a programs code segment:

a)AX register           b)CX register

c)CS register             d)SS register

8)Which of the following is an editor?

a)EDLIN                   b)EDIT

c)NE                           d)Word star

e)All of the above

9)It is a program that assigns absolute address to the program:

a)Editor             B)Assembler

c)Linker               d)Loader

10)It is a program that convert an object file into an execution file:

a)Editor             B)Assembler

c)Linker               d)Loader

11)The segment in an assembly language program that a programs define data , constant and work area:

a)Code segment         b)Data Segment

c)Stack segment         d)both a and b

12)In EBCDIC ( extended binary coded decimal interchange code) each character is represented by:

a)3 bit         b)4 bit     c)8 bit       d)5 bit

13)Turning an entire project over to an outside firm for development is called:

a)auditing                  b)outsourcing

c)prototype           d)preliminary investigation

14)The faster type of ADC is :

a)time interval       b)parallel

c)closed loop           d)successive

15)The sequence of instruction telling the machine to perform a particular sequence of operation is called:

a)Program         b)Hardware       c)algorithm    d)debugging

16) FORTRAN acronym for:

a)Formula translator       b)formula tranducer

c)for translating high level language       d)none of these

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Defination:

A network can be formed When number of computers connected together to share information and resources through some physical media.that media may be guided or unguided.

Description:

Computer network play an important role in our daily and practical life.In some organization we need to share resources like printer , hard disk, scanner and even programs.for attaining this purpose we have to form a network.Nodes are connected together by using any types of media . That media may be guided like twisted pair, coaxial,fiber optic or this media may be unguided like radio waves etc.
Network criteria:
A network must need to satisfy these criteria .Otherwise it ‘ll not considered a network.
•

Responsive

A good network be responsive to all the resources at all the time.It musty to satisfy all the request from all the resources within a network.
•

Consistency

A network must be consistent.When consistency is not maintained then network may lost his worth.
•

Security

Basic purpose of a network is to share information and resources ,if that sharing is not secure then this make the network useless.So security is an important criteria for a network.

Types of Computer networks:

Computer networks are categories in different types on the basis of coverage ,speed and functionality.Major computer networks are as below:
• LAN(Local Area Network)
• MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
• WAN(Wide Area Network)
• PAN(Personal Area Network)

LAN

LAN stands for local area network.It is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area,that are closely positioned together.


Node

Each computer or device on a network is called a node.they often share resources such as printer,large hard disk drives, and programs.nodes are connected together through wires.
•

Wired LAN

The LAN that is connected through some physical media such as twisted pair ,coaxial or fiber optic cable.
•

Wireless LAN

The LAN that uses no physical wires.Computers and devices that access a wireless LAN Must have built in wireless capability or the appropriate wireless network card,or other wireless device
•

Distance coverage

LAN provides Limited coverage, about upto 2 miles or 2500 meters.
•

Speed of operation

LAN provide high speed .typically 10 ,100 and 1000Mbps.
•

Technology used for medium

Locally installed, twisted pair, fiber optic cable, wireless
•

Applications

Used mainly by fixed desktop computers and portable computers (e.g. laptops) . Now-a-days it is used by smart phones due to emergence of WLAN network
•

Example

Network that form in an office,computer lab, or in an organization.

Pros/ Benefits/ advantages of LAN

• Resource sharing:
• Communication
• Data security
• Internet access sharing

Cons/ Disadvantages of LAN

Data security concerns
Time consuming
Privacy thread

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