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Bipolar Disorder Clinical Features

Bipolar Disorder Clinical Features

Bipolar Disorder Clinical Features, psychiatric illness involving recurrent episodes of depression and mania/hypomania. Basically these people have periods of extreme sadness or euphoria.It affects up to 4 percent of the population. Generally people with bipolar disorder are at risk of attempting suicide 20 to 20 times greater than the general population. So it is an illness that requires careful monitoring, care and treatment. It is a leading cause of disability across the world. It is the 7th leading cause of disability in males and 8th leading cause of disability in females, giving that it affects 1 to 4 percent of the population.

Bipolar Depressive Disorder

Bipolar disorder has two kinds of mood states, one is mood elevation and the other is depression. You can diagnose bipolar disorder when someone is experiencing any of these states. The depressive episode is characterized by at least two consecutive weeks of sadness or loss of interest in usual activities or loss of enjoyment of things that were normally enjoyed by that person. Moreover there is a change in physical aspects like loss of appetite or increased eating, loss of sleep or oversleeping and the feeling of being tired. Muscular fatigue is also a symptom of this disorder. However, there are symptoms that have got to do with psychic aspect. There is difficulty in concentration and sluggishness of the brain. One feels guilty and has decreased self esteem. In severe depression suicidal thoughts also come in mind. So there are some cognitive changes as well.

Manic or Hypo manic Phase

In addition to depressive episodes there are at least 1 week of mania and 4 days of hypomania that prevail in a person with bipolar disorder. This makes the person be in a state of euphoria with increased energy. Or else the person can be irritable for no reason. These moods often occur in combination with each other and they often are. Beyond these one has to be experiencing being more grandiose, needing less sleep, have racing thoughts, multitasking in a way that is not productive, cleaning the house, feel restless in wanting to walk or exercise excessively. There is also an urge of spending money and acting impulsively. Some severe consequences may be losing a job, getting bankrupt, being divorce and also getting into jail.

Treatment

People with manic episode with major depressive disorder are categorize as bipolar one whereas people with bipolar two have severe manic episode with some depressive episodes too. It is not easy to diagnose bipolar disorder because it is often confused with unipolar depression. It is mainly genetic and if you get any symptom of bipolar disorder by the age of 25 you are likely to develop this disorder. If you have a first degree relative with this disorder there is risk is having this disorder. However there is more than just genes involved in developing the disease. Sometimes environmental factor like extreme stress may lead to this illness. Drug that work the best to cure or manage this disease is Lithium.

Countries Causing Pollution

Countries Causing Pollution

We all have some role to play in the increase in pollution levels. There are some countries causing Pollution. However some countries have shown more carelessness towards bringing pollution on our globe. They play a bigger part than the others in polluting our beautiful planet. To educate and point out fingers to those countries that have really been cruel towards earth we shall discuss which countries are to be blamed more than the rest of the countries on earth.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia makes up about 1.3 percent of emission of carbon dioxide. This is not a great number perhaps, but if we consider the small population just less than 29 million living here the percentage of carbon dioxide is certainly alarming. As to many countries, the burning of fossil fuels adds a lot of carbon dioxide to the environment but in Saudi Arabia there is more than simple burning of fossil fuels. They produce about 50 million tons of cement and are also the world’s largest petroleum producer. This has contributed much to the environmental pollution in the country.

Indonesia

With a population of nearly 250 million people , there is a heavy intake of electronic waste and the routine burning of crops for production of pulp, palm oil and paper, Indonesia has quite a hand in production of worldwide pollution. Regarding carbon dioxide production alone, Indonesia accounts for 1.4 percent of carbon dioxide emission at 510,000 kilotons emitted on an annual average. Things were so bad in Indonesia that it has been known to be home for two of the most world’s polluted areas; Kalimantan and Citarum river basin. The continuous haze raised from burning and fire has forced schools to close and even evacuate some areas in Indonesia.

Canada

Like Saudi Arabia the emission of carbon dioxide in Canada is also very high. Moreover, there is industrial pollution in production of road salt and chemicals released from dry clean industry. In regards to prevention, they offer a range of resources for prevention of further damage.

South Korea

Producing 2 percent of the world’s carbon dioxide emission, South Korea has environmental issues of its own. A portion of South Korea’s air pollution comes from China’s arsenic dust. However we cannot say that South Korea is innocent. Residents are advise to wear a protective mask so as to not breathe the polluted air which causes lung cancer.

Germany

Germany is the chief producer of nitrogen dioxide. Moreover there is carbon dioxide produced from fossil fuel consumption. Motor vehicle consume diesel which is another cause of pollution. Recently there has been some drop in the levels of carbon dioxide, which is a good sign.

Japan

Japan’s use of nuclear energy has been a major cause of pollution. It accounts for 4 percent of carbon dioxide pollution.

Russia

5 percent of carbon dioxide emission comes from Russia which did not regard it as something harmless believing that economic advancement is more important than considering harm of pollution. However, in 1990 they went under environmental stress and used upgraded equipment to cut down carbon dioxide emission.
The other countries which are to be named are India, United States of America and China. We all have a hand in polluting our wonderful world. So it is high time we try and safeguard our beautiful planet.

Lung Cancer Symptoms Causes Treatment

Lung Cancer Symptoms Causes Treatment

Lung cancer Symptoms is important because it is the leading cause of death in many countries. The wind pipe descends into the chest and the wind pipe splits into a right side a left side. There are three branches of the right side of the wind pipe and two of the left. Of each branch of the wind pipe comes the lung. There is an upper lobe, a middle lobe and a lower lobe on the right side of the lung. So there are three lobes of the lung on the right side and two eminent on the left side. Right in between the two lungs is the heart.

 Symptoms of Lung Cancer

The most common symptoms of lung cancer is cough that often lasts for more than three weeks, coughing up blood, feeling breathless or having a severe pain in the chest. In addition to this sometimes the patients of lung cancer have the feeling of loss of appetite, because of which they can lose a considerable amount of weight. It is important to know however that it is possible to have a lung cancer without having any of these symptoms at all.

Causes of Lung Cancer

In the UK about 80 percent of the cases of lung cancer are directly linked with consumption of tobacco, so smoking happens to be the chief cause of lung cancer. In addition also exposure to dust such as asbestos, which causes shortness of breath or inhaling radon gas can cause this disease. However there are people who have never neither smoked nor been exposed to any of these gasses yet they develop lung cancer and this proportion of lung cancer is unfortunately increasing.

Identification of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer mostly starts by a spot in the upper part of the lung. This is the most common representation and identification of lung cancer. The problem is that shortly after its beginning, a cancer in the lung has access to a variety of lymph glands. Or lymph nodes that happen to sit very close to the wind pipe. These lymph glands extent all the way up. Generally this is the first mode of lymph glad extend. Lung cancer unfortunately because of the high blood flow to the lungs. It has access to spread outside of the lung to other parts of the body. The most common places are the liver, bones and the brain.

Treatment

Lung cancer is however not a death sentence and can be treated. It can be cured with surgery as well as high doses of radiotherapy. However this can be done if the disease is detected at early stage. When we think about treatments for lung cancer, what matters is what is the stage of cancer is at the time of its diagnosis. If we just have a cancer that is presenting as a spot in the lung. Without any evidence of spreading on the lymph nodes or anywhere in the body. This would call a stage 1 lung cancer and the most common treatment for this. Stage of lung cancer is to remove that segment of the lung where the cancer has spread. Called the lobectomy, which is the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ such as lung, liver or brain.

burger king

Burger King Great News Selling Now in $1 Nationwide

Burger King Great News!

Burger King is an American hamburger restaurant. Moreover, it sells tasty and delicious hamburgers all around the globe. It has hence now officially announced great news for people.
Burger King is now selling taco sandwiches for $1. People inspire by its super cheap offer. Hence, more and more people visit their shops and taste taco bells. They started selling these yummy tacos from Tuesday morning.

Why do They Bring up These Limited Time Offers?

Although, burger usually brings up offers like a chicken roast, beef burger. But for its better economy average, it brings up a new variety of snacks like the tacos.
So, they use limited-time offers to increase their hype and keep their brand name top of the list. We know that people are actually fond of tacos, so burger king came up with the taco idea to attract its consumers.

More items with the taco bells

These taco bells are therefore seasoning the moment! Burger is also selling drinks and burgers with these taco bells. So if you want to taste the crisp of these tacos, you can totally fling four quarters into your nearest drive-thru window.

Taco Types Burger King Provides

Not only one but the different taste of these taco bells inspires you and sizzles into your mouth. So, these tastes are actually seasonal beef, shredded cheddar cheese, crisp lettuce, and savory taco for their limited time offer.

People Reaction of these Taco Bells

Burgers king decision to introduce taco bells worldwide in their bucket list have been a great success. In fact, almost 1000 orders are on the list on a daily basis. Moreover, this menu item also has a certain nostalgia factor for the customers. Many people have been and many more will have an addiction to this taco offer.

Burger King Announcement

So, burgers king has good news for you! If this offer goes viral and the tacos are a big hit, Burger King will consider bringing more and more oddball junk foods. So don’t miss this offer and give it a try!

Healthy Diet

Healthy Diet

Healthy Diet

Simple recommendations can help us stay healthy and develop healthy habits. Here we are just going to pay attention on the perspective of healthy diet.

Water

Water composes 80 percent of our body and is vital for life. It is involved in every single chemical process that our body does. So water is crucial in our bodies because it is the transport system for all the nutrients we intake. Everything else that we are digesting or putting in our body, water is the vehicle that carries it around. So we need to drink as much as water possible. Mostly we are given the number of eight ounce a day but let’s not think of the number, because number can be extremely overwhelming. There is no need to be counting the number of glasses of water you drink in a day. But yes, focus on drinking as much as water you can and in case you can’t drink plenty of water, you can substitute water for other drinks like soda or fruits like water melon. However these replacements cannot be as effective as water. So, eliminate coffee and juices from your life or decrease its consumption. When you do drink coffees go and drink twice as much as water as you have the coffee because coffee dehydrates the body and leaves you thirsty. Water is what will quench your thirst absolutely.

Eating habits

You need to be conscious of what you eat and how you eat. Most of the times we eat casually while watching TV or while we study, this would condition your body in wanting to eat every time you watch TV or study. So we need to distinguish when we are eating and craving for food without being hungry or eating when we do need food since we are hungry. One way of minimizing eating is chewing slowly. We need to be conscious of when we are full and satisfied and not just munching uselessly. Integrate raw vegetables or lightly cooked by steaming. We don’t want our veggies to lose their enzymes that catalyze food we consume. Moreover fruits need our attention. Fruits and vegetables facilitate our bowl movement and helps in digestion. They contain fiber which is very important for our body.

Sugar and trans fats

We need to minimize sugar in order to stay healthy. This does not mean you substitute sugar with artificial sweeteners. These sweeteners in fact are far worse than sugar and cause more harm to the body than sugar does. They do not activate the insulin enzyme which is necessary to break down sugar in the body. The insulin kicks in hormonal response that tell us when we are full and when we are not. When you are craving sugars you should take it. Diet sodas or anything saying low fat or low calories is not going to satisfy your craving for sugar. They are neuro-toxic and have scary effect like nausea, headaches etc. Similarly, avoid trans fat as much as possible. Margarine is worse than butter. It alters your levels of cholesterol. Not only these fats are hard to break down but these hydrogenated oils accumulate fat and is not used by the body.

Formation of Habits

Formation of Habits

Habits

Habits are the behaviors that a person does on a daily basis. It is a part of one’s life. Hence, we do it without thinking. We carry out habits automatically and unconsciously. For example, waking up in the morning and brushing teeth is a habit. Similarly, watering plants and reading books is also one’s habit.

Formation of Habits

When things are done again and again they become part of one’s life. Likewise, good and bad habits as a result of continuously performing them, become part of our life. For example, jogging at the time of sunrise is a habit.

Types of Habits

There are two types of habit
Good habits and bad habits. It is easy to acquire bad habits but not easy to acquire good habit. When habits become part of our lives, it becomes difficult to get rid of them. For example, telling lies, backbiting, spitting on roads and smoking are a few of the bad habit. They have a negative impact on one’s behavior and health. Habits form the foundation of a person’s character and destiny. So, it is important to have good habit.
Some people think that drinking five to six cups of tea or coffee is a good habit. But that is not true because such excessive drinking can cause anxiety, insomnia, high blood pressure, and rapid heart rate.
Nowadays, the use of electronic media like mobile phones, computers, and laptops are part of our life. It is hard to live without them. Using them in a required amount proves to be a good habit. But, once you have an attachment to them, it is hard to disconnect. As a result, you are feeling socially isolating, having stress and disrupt periods of sleep.

How to Get Rid of Bad Habit?

Doing so is a hard task but better for you before its too late. In order to overcome your bad habits, you need to think of the negative impact they have on you. Then make tiny changes and most important is to equip a good environment for that. Slowly, try to take yourself out of bad habit. This is possible only if you train yourself of thinking differently about your bad habit. Finally, you can see a good change in yourself.

Good Habits

Good habits are those behaviors that are beneficial to us both physically and mentally. Not only do they have a good impact on us but they also develop discipline and self-control. So, it is important for us to cope with them in our daily lives. For example, eating healthy and cleaning up the mess are two good habits. Similarly, sleeping on time, playing outdoors and doing exercises keep us healthy and active throughout the day.

Benefits of Good Habit

These are the habit that shape our lives. If we eat healthily we can control our weight. Likewise, exercises boost our energy and improve our chances of a longer life.
Moreover, if we are working people, we should not put a burden of work on our shoulders. Thus, a better work plan habit can help us in the business market. So, not only do good habit help us in physical development, but also in social success.

Mental Health

Mental Health

Mental Health

Mental health plays a key role in the life of a human being. It includes the well being of our psychological and emotional characteristics. It has a great effect on our thoughts, thinking abilities, and our actions.
On the other hand, it plays a major role in how we deal with stress. It also controls the situations in which we are depressed. Hence, the better the mental health would be, the more a person can cope with the environment around him.

Mental Disorders

The most common mental illness is:

Anxiety Disorder

Types of Anxiety Disorders
Now, there are several types of anxiety disorders.
The first one is panic disorder. In it, a person experiences a sudden terror or a sense of a big disaster.
The second is the phobia. Moreover, it’s types are as follows:
The first one is simple phobia which is a fear of different objects.
The second one is a social phobia. Hence, it is a fear of being subject to communicating with others.
The third type of anxiety disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder in which a person has obsessions and compulsions. In simple words, a person continuously experiences stressful thoughts and a force behind him that is continuously forcing him to perform actions over and over again.
The fourth one is post-traumatic stress disorder that happens to a person when he has been subjected to a highly traumatic event. The person may feel that his life is in danger or that he has no control over what is happening in his life.
The second type of mental disorder is:

Mood Disorder

Patients with this condition experience major changes in their moods.
The first type of mood disorder is major depression. A person shows no interest in curricular activities and therefore, experiences major episodes of sadness.
The second type is bipolar disorder in which the person experiences episodes of euphoria to depression. Its third type is persistent depressive disorder in which a person adopts symptoms that are similar to major depression but to a lower extent.
The third type of mental disorder is:

Schizophrenic Disorders

A person experiences it at the age of 15 years. It includes negative symptoms such as lack of motivation and depressed mood and some positive symptoms such as hallucinations.

Signs of Mental Disorders

Some of the major signs of mental disorders include eating or sleeping changes. In addition to this, getting away from curricular activities and having a sensation of zero energy. A person feels hopeless every time, experiences a sign of confusion, anger, and wordiness. In fact, it leads to experiencing mood changes, having memories that you are unable to get rid of and thinking of harming yourself.

Ways to Overcome Mental Illness

As we all know mental health is very important for an individual. If a person is suffering from any kind of mental illness he should go for some medications and therapy. He should also perform exercises to make him feel better and should build a support system for him.

Conclusion

Many people are going through severe mental illnesses throughout the world. They commit suicides but they should know that there are therapies that can make their lives better. Hence, our duty is to raise awareness amongst people so that they can attain a better future and a healthy lifestyle.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR is a process of supporting and maintaining the breathing of an infant, teen or an adult who has stopped breathing. It may also happen due to blockage of heart/ cardiac arrest.

CPR and First-Aid

We know that first aid is vital for saving lives. Mostly, first-aid help during a life-threatening incident that may occur or injury before the arrival of the emergency. CPR is a type of first-aid that aims to preserve life and promote the recovery of a person suffering from cardiac arrest.

Process of CPR

Hence, CPR can thus increase the chances of a person’s survival, if you perform it carefully with the following steps
First, open a person’s airway to check if he is breathing. CPR can only be performed if the breathing is not normal. Don’t forget to call the emergency before CPR begins.
Then, make sure that the person is lying on his back. Afterward, place your hand on his chest. Then interlock your fingers, keeping your arms straight. Keep in mind that your shoulders are directly on his chest. Then give chest compressions for about the rate of 30.
Likewise, open his mouth slightly to open the airway again. If you don’t see any change, close his nose nostrils with your hand and give him breaths, until you see his chest rise. Don’t forget to check his chest falling. Repeat these steps six to seven times.

Types of CPR

There are various types of CPR as described:
The first one is basic life support CPR (BLS) that is a certification usually taken by nurses, doctors, babysitters, and guards.
The second one is advance cardiac life support (ACLS) which is a certification of CPR taken by doctors, therapists and other professionals.
The third one is pediatric advance life support (PALS) which is a CPR certification for those who treat pediatric patients.
Last but not least is the heart saver first aid CPR. This is a course given to normal people like workers as well as safety professionals.

Importance of CPR

It is very important for us to have CPR certification. CPR training increases awareness of performing emergency situations. CPR increases the person’s chance of survival by 40%. What is more beneficial than saving a person’s life? The sad reality is that if nothing is done to the victim, he has only an 8% survival chance. Our few hours of training class can give someone the rest of their life!

Is CPR risky?

As long as you are doing the CPR correctly there is no issue. But if you are doing it on a person who is breathing normally, it can be risky! Because if that happens, you can break the victim’s bones while applying pressure on his chest. Another complication is that even if CPR has no problem, there are chances of internal injuries due to chest compression. CPR can also cause the victim to vomit. Moreover, CPR has the risk of exposure to body fluids when providing mouth-to-mouth breaths. But, taking the risk is better than taking one’s life. So, if you don’t find any hospital urgently you should go for CPR!

Knee Joint Osteoarthritis Causes

Knee Joint Osteoarthritis Causes Prevention and Treatment

Causes & risk factors, prevention and treatment options for knee joint Osteoarthritis

Knee Osteoarthritis is defined as inflammation of knee joint, affecting articular cartilage, synovium, margins of bones therefore causing pain on walking, swelling and stiffness of joints.

There can be a number of reasons of this disease for example any trauma, autoimmune diseases, hemochromatosis, increasing age, obesity, previous joint injury, overuse or disuse of the joint, weak thigh muscle, genetic factors, acromegaly and rheumatoid arthritis. Whereas, some of these causes and risk factors are not possible to convert like genetics, age, race etc

Prevention

A variety of confounding factors may place an individual at potential risk for creating OA. However, making modifications may not avoid this condition, but an individual may still be able to decrease their potential risk or stop OA from progression. For instance:

Maintaining your body weight

As extra weight brings undue stress on the knees so with time, it accelerates to wear the cartilage down.
Excess fat can often trigger the body to release cytokines, which is a form of protein. It can contribute to extensive inflammation and can alter the process by which cartilage cells function.

Maintaining blood sugar level

Certainly, High concentrations of glucose can influence cartilage composition and function, and diabetes raises the likelihood of damage & inflammation of cartilage.

Exercising routinely

Truly, moderate workout can assist the joints remain flexible, strengthen the muscles that hold the knees, and decrease the danger of several health problems. Therefore, if one has not exercised for a lengthy interval of time, should consult a physician for guidance on how to do this.

Eliminating the danger of injury

In fact, cartilage that assists to prevent accidental injury is more probable to create arthritis subsequently. Decrease the risk of slipping, carry well-fitting shoes, and use protective equipment when practicing athletics to avoid any accident.

Conducting posture and bone alignment tests

Surprisingly, gait evaluation as well as other examinations can assist doctors to assess bone alignment and posture. Some reports indicate that these may influence a person’s risk of increasing OA.

Knee Joint Osteoarthritis Causes Preventing overuse

Several athletics or tasks require repeated knee joint movements, including running or squatting. Individuals who lift more than 55 pounds frequently can have an exaggerated likelihood of OA. Occupations that place individuals at risk may include the fixing carpets and loading trucks or trains. Changing tasks and having enough breaks between times of job or workout may benefit.

Treatment options

Depending on the stage of disease, we have different treatment options like anti-inflammatory drugs, pain killers, injections like steroid and hyaluronic acid, Physical therapy, TENS, Electrotherapy, hydrotherapy and surgery which is the last option for grade 4 OA.

Knee Joint Osteoarthritis Causes Prevention and Treatment Conclusion

Hence, Osteoarthritis of knee is an inflammation of the joint causing pain, swelling and stiffness of joint. We can prevent it by managing certain risk factors that include, weight maintenance, blood sugar level maintenance, exercising daily and preventing disuse and misuse. As there is various treatment options so one must go to physician to prevent the disease progression.

Knee Osteoarthritis

All about Knee Osteoarthritis, Stages & Symptoms

All about Knee osteoarthritis, Stages & symptoms

Are you having pain in your knee joint? If yes, then pay attention it can be a sign of Osteoarthritis.
So, what is osteoarthritis of knee?
Usually Osteoarthritis is referred to as wear and tear joint cartilage. It is a disorder in which the normal padding mostly between joints & cartilage is diminished away. Once it occurs, the articular bones of joint rubs against each other. The fluid in the joint act like grease between bones, so when this fluid starts to lessen, bones produce friction and articular cartilage is damaged. The friction ends in pain, inflammation, tightness, reduced ability to walk and sometimes bony spurs are formed.

Stages

So depending upon the damage and severity of symptoms, it is divided into 4 stages that are:

Stage 1

Small bone growths called osteophytes may develop in the knee joint. As well as, the cartilage may become slightly damaged. Also there would be no evident shrinking of the gap between both the bones.
Individuals mostly with stage 1 OA are probable to experience discomfort or pain. But the joint appears normal in X-ray scan.

Stage 2

During this phase, physicians may see some indications of wear. As well as X-rays and other knee joint tests will obviously indicate more osteophytes development, and the cartilage will start to shrink.
The gap between the bones will still look normal, but the region where the bones and tissues join will begin to tighten. Hence this causes the bone thicker and denser near joint. The individual may develop stiffness or pain in the joint.

Stage 3

The cartilage damage becomes advanced, the space in between the bones reduce, and X-rays will demonstrate cartilage damage. Soreness and discomfort can happen when performing regular tasks including running, walking, kneeling, and twisting. Furthermore synovitis and early indications of joint swelling may occur.

Stage 4

As this is the most advanced level of OA, so the signs are highly noticeable. So well as the gap in between the bones in the joint progressed to reduce further, allowing the cartilage to dissolve even more. As a consequence, the joint will have stiffness, continuous inflammation, and have less fluid in the joint. Hence there is even more friction between bones, more disabling pain and distress during movement. X-rays shows closed approximation of bones, which depict that either the cartilage might have totally worn away or there’s very little left. So the individual is prone to develop further bone lumps and feel pain that is quite severe even during basic tasks including walking. In extreme cases, deformation or angulation of bones occurs.

Conclusion

To conclude all, osteoarthritis is a disease affecting mostly larger joints like knee joint. So the signs and symptoms of this disease vary from person to person depending upon the stage of progression, starting from mild degeneration of cartilage to completely worn away. Hence, the individual feels pain, stiffness, tissue tightness, sounds during movement, decrease ROM and inability to walk because of pain etc.