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Marketing

Marketing Market

In the world of business, we often come around the terms, ‘market’ and ‘marketing’. Though these two terms have quite similar concepts, but are actually very distinct from each other.

Market

The market can be any setup where the sellers and buyers meet for the trade, usually of goods and services. The market is also a medium which allows and facilitates any transactions in the economy.
Generally speaking, the market is a physical place like a shopping mall or a local bazaar that provides place for trade.

Types of Markets

Market has different types depending on the various factors used to characterize it. Some of the types are as follows
1- The type of market according to the products e.g. cloth market, steel market etc.
2- The type of market depending on the buyers e.g. industrial market or consumer market etc.

3- The type of market depending on the location e.g. international or a local market.
4- The type of market depending on the quality of products e.g. wholesale market, flea market.
With the modern day technology, the internet, online shopping and transactions, the market is not limited to a certain location, a meeting point or a fixed place. The modern market is described as reaching out to potential buyers. All of the potential buyers of the product, regardless of space and location, would constitute the market of a certain product.

Marketing

Marketing is considered a very broad term encompassing various activities from production of the product to the consumption of the buyer. It is a product involves various factors such as pricing of the product, design of the product, promotion and distribution of the product, transportation and warehousing of the product etc. One of the fundamental principles of marketing is customer satisfaction. So, all the activities included in the marketing revolves around the needs of the customer. Philip Kotler, an economist, describes the marketing procedure as a “social process” in which the needs of the consumer are targeted and accordingly services and products are offered. People have the liberty to choose between any product or service and there is no force upon them.

Important Features

Following are some important features of marketing
Consumer satisfaction
The core of a marketing strategy is to satisfy consumers. The companies often find out the exact needs of their customers and try to fulfill them through their marketing strategy.
Market offering
Based on the study of their potential buyers, the companies introduce an ideal product for the market. The product should satisfy the requirements of the consumers.
Pricing
The companies make an effective marketing strategy which also includes the pricing of the product. The experts do a cost analysis on the basis of the target customers. The companies thus, introduce the product at a fair price according to the consumers.

Process of Exchange

It is a two way process. The companies introduce a product according to the requirements of the customers and in turn the customers pay them for their products or services.

Conclusion

In conclusion, marketing plays a very crucial role in executing and designing a product and also making it available for the consumer at the right price. Companies nowadays highly rely on their marketing strategies to sell their products. With every passing day, marketing is opening new avenues and bringing in more businesses for organizations which is also effective for economic development of a country.

Industry Restaurant

Restaurant Industry Business Model

Industry Restaurant

Restaurant Industry and companies are the retailers of various prepared foods and drinks. Restaurants are usually of various themes and diverse types. Typically, there are the following types:
1-Fine Dining
They are the costly restaurants that offer special cuisines and unique dishes with certain specialties of their own.

2-Mainstream Restaurants
They are usually the average priced restaurants that offer a theme or branded chain. They usually contain all types of food common in a locality.
3-Fast food Restaurants
These type of restaurants usually offer fast food only for instance pizza, burgers etc.

4- Cafes
Cafes usually offer hot/cold drinks such as coffee, tea, shakes etc. They also contain some snacks to get along with drinks on the menu.

Background of Industry Restaurant
Back in Roman Empire, the inns started serving food to the guests. They made dining halls for the travelers who came to stay in the inns. After the construction of roads, more travelers started coming, specially to the Holy Land. Due to more travelers, the inns and dining halls started increasing. In the 1500’s, various places were introduced in England where travelers could stop and eat.

Coffee was introduced in Europe in the 17th century by Turkey. First Coffee house was built in 1645 in Vienna. This coffee house became the meeting point for the public.

The modern day restaurants were first established in France. In 1765, Paris opened a place, “restaurateurs”, in which people could choose a dish from the menu. Restaurants started getting flourish and by the 1800’s, there were more than 500 restaurants in Paris.

Business Model of Restaurants

Restaurant businesses are typically run just as other retail stores but there are also certain factors different from other industries in the restaurant industry. Since, there are a limited number of foods to present, the restaurants have a large competition between each other. Also, they have to compete with other publicly traded and dominant chains. In this way, the restaurant industry is highly cyclical.

Sales in Restaurants

There are various factors that impact the sales of a restaurant. The restaurant owner can either open a new branch of a restaurant or enhance the sales of an existing one.

If the owner is opening restaurant at a new site, then it should be considered that new branch is not close to the previous one so they do not cut the market of each other. While opening, highly profitable location should be assess and targeted first for a restaurant.

The existing branch of the restaurant can also  target to boost up sales. Managers should introduce some innovations in the products and increasing the price on the menu might help also. Remodeling of the restaurant can assist to attract more customers. Apart from that, restaurant managers should keep introducing special offers, discounts and vouchers, every now and then to keep the customers engaged.

Industry Restaurant Conclusion

It is always advisable that restaurants should keep the type of food that is appreciate by majority palates. Apart from that, they should keep an eye on the food costs, service costs and the average check paid by the customer.
The industry of restaurant and food is very huge and successful. This industry also has the largest number of employees in the private sector and is continuously growing.

List of Minerals in Body

List of Minerals in Body

List of Minerals in Body

Minerals are essential in human body for growth, development and overall physical health. List of Minerals in Body that help to build strong bones and transmit neural impulses. A balanced and healthy diet contains all the essential minerals needed by the body.
Types of Minerals
There are two types of minerals
1- Macro minerals
2- Micro minerals

Macro minerals

Macro minerals are needed by the body in large amounts. So Macro minerals include Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Chloride, Potassium and sulfur.
Calcium
Calcium builds teeth, muscles and bones. It is important for immune system functioning, blood pressure regulation and blood clotting. It also helps in muscle movements.
Calcium is present in milk, dairy products, fish, green vegetables and legumes.
Magnesium
Due to Magnesium helps to build proteins in the body. It also assists in muscle movements, nervous system coordination and immune system functioning. Magnesium is present in bones too.
Magnesium can be found in seeds, nuts, legumes, leafy vegetables, chocolate and seafood.

Phosphorus
In case of Phosphorus is present in teeth and bones and also in cells of the body to maintain PH of the system.
Phosphorus intake can be done through eggs, poultry, fish, milk, meat and processed foods.
Sodium
Sodium is important for balance of fluids in the body, It is also needed for neural communication and muscle movements.
So Sodium can be gained through Table salt, processed foods and soy sauce.

Chloride
Chloride maintains fluid balance in the body and acid in the stomach used for digestion.
Meanwhile Chloride is also available through Table salt, processed foods and soy sauce.
Potassium
Potassium maintains balance of fluids, nervous system communication and muscle relaxation and contraction.
To clarify Potassium can gain by vegetables and fruits, milk, meat, legumes and grains.
Sulfur
Sulfur use for building and maintaining protein molecules in the body.
Certainly Sulfur can consume by poultry, fish, nuts, eggs, milk, meat and legumes.

Micro Minerals

Micro minerals are also called Trace Minerals, which are need the body in trace or very little amounts. Due to Micro minerals are also very essential to the body. Trace or Micro minerals include Iron, Copper, Zinc, Iodine, Fluoride, Selenium, Chromium, Manganese and Molybdenum.
Iron
Iron is need by the body in slightly larger amounts than other trace minerals. if Iron is present in haemoglobin of red blood cells which is essential for oxygen transmission in the body.
Therefore Iron occurs in various foods including poultry, meat, fish, egg yolk, green vegetables, fruits and cereals.
Copper
Copper is useful for enzyme functioning and metabolism.
It can gain through nuts, seeds, legumes and grains.
Zinc

Certainly Zinc helps in fetal growth, perception of taste, healing of wounds, sexual maturity and immune system.
For example Zinc is present in fish, grains, vegetables, poultry and meat.
Iodine
Iodine is useful for functioning of thyroid hormone.
During It find in Seafood, bread and iodize salt.
Fluoride
Fluoride is useful in preventing tooth decay.
It is present in fish, and water.
Selenium
Selenium is an antioxidant found in seafood and meat.
Chromium
Chromium assists in insulin functioning which is present in unrefined foods.
Manganese
Manganese is part of enzymes in the body and present in plant foods.
Molybdenum
Molybdenum also find in enzymes and present in bread, grains, liver and vegetables.

Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear Engineering Branches Uses Introduction

Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineering is the field of engineering dealing with the application and science of radiation and nuclear phenomenon. It involves production and utilization of radioactive materials and control, release and use of nuclear energy for research, industry uses, medicine, and national security.
This branch of engineering has primary principles of mathematics and physics as its basis which explains transmission of gamma rays and neutrons in the form of nuclear interactions. Nuclear interactions are dependant on the flow of heat and fluid, chemical reactions and change in the behavior of substances when exposed to nuclear radiation.
Nuclear engineering is thus, a multidimensional area that involves the application of various areas of physics and analysis of large and complex systems.

History of Nuclear Engineering

The field of nuclear engineering originated in the 20th century when German scientists Fritz Strassmann and Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission reaction in 1939. It was realized immediately that a strong weapon can be formed by employing this phenomenon of nuclear fission. This idea gave rise to the “Manhattan Project” in World War ll by the United States of America. University of Chicago scientists build the first nuclear reactor based on the principles of N-Eng. After the first reactor, many such weapons and reactors were made at Washington.

Hence Late 1940s and early 1950s, brought about the peaceful and positive uses of nuclear energy and various institutions and laboratories related to nuclear technology came into being. During Colleges and schools in the U.S started offering degree programs in N-Eng by the 1950’s and 60’s. Now, there are more than 60 programs related to N-Eng are offered and taught around the world.

Areas of Nuclear Engineering

Following are some of the branches of nuclear engineering

Nuclear Power

During Nuclear Power deals with the production and applications of nuclear power plants and radiators. In short Nuclear power plants, today are controlled to produce electricity especially in U.S. This area of N-Eng has its further specialities.

Plasma Physics

Plasma Physics is based on the principles of nuclear fusion reactions, which is different from nuclear fission. Therefore Fusion reactions combine the nuclei to release the enumerable amount of energy. Plasma physicists work in production and application of fusion reactors.

Nuclear Weapons

This is a highly classified area of N-Eng which involves the production, application, design and management of nuclear weapons. It mainly involves production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs which can cause massive destruction.

Radioisotopes

Radioisotopes have found their applications in several industries these days, including medical, research, preservation and plastic etc. And Nearly 2000 isotopes are prepare by nuclear engineers in nuclear reactors.

Nuclear Waste Management

Due to this area deals with the management of this waste from atomic reactors, industries, research and medical labs. If this waste material is highly reactive and needs to be disposed off properly.

Health Physics

Finally Nuclear engineers in health physics determine the application and transmission of radiation in the human body for medical purposes.

Uses of Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineering is helpful in following fields and organizations
1. Architectural engineering organizations
2. Manufacturing Firms
3. Electric Utility Firms
4. Medical Centres and laboratories
5. Defense programs
6. Universities and Educational institutions